People and the web

Tue, Oct 274 papers

arXiv

Do Similarity Measures Measure Similarity? How User Activity Creates Phantom Correlation in Recommender Systems

Marco Favier, Noah Daniëls, Jens Leysen et al.

Item-item similarity is one of the oldest and most foundational signals in recommender systems: two items are assumed to be similar when the same users consume them.Item-item similarity is one of the oldest and most foundational signals in recommender systems: two items are assumed to be similar when the same users consume them.

Preprint: theory
arXiv

Octen-WebGR: Scaling Generative Retrieval to 200 Million Web Pages

Guangwei Xu, Wenkai Zhang, Yawen Liu et al.

Navigational search aims to find a single target page among hundreds of millions of web pages. Click tables work well for queries seen before but cannot generalise to new…Navigational search aims to find a single target page among hundreds of millions of web pages. Click tables work well for queries seen before but cannot generalise to new formulations, while embedding retrievers generalise across…

Preprint: new model
arXiv

Officially corrected errors persist in AI training data: preregistered measurements on EU law, Internet standards and retracted science

Sébastien Gracia

Official texts are corrected after publication: EU corrigenda, verified RFC errata, retractions. We measured whether these corrections are present in four public datasets…Official texts are corrected after publication: EU corrigenda, verified RFC errata, retractions. We measured whether these corrections are present in four public datasets used to train language models, and what models answer about…

Preprint: empirical study

Fri, Oct 234 papers

arXiv

Lychee speeds up high-accuracy vector search on graphics chips

Lychee was 9.7 to 117 times faster than the baseline IVF-Flat at equal recall with 200 probed lists on datasets of up to 100 million vectors.Lychee was 9.7 to 117 times faster than the baseline IVF-Flat at equal recall with 200 probed lists on datasets of up to 100 million vectors.

A graphics chip surrounds a black query with a few light blue matches, stepped dark blue-green layers, and a dense fan of gray candidates.
Preprint: method
arXiv

The Fusion Tax: A Diagnostic Analysis of When Hybrid Retrieval Hurts

Aaditya Chauhan, Arun Agarwal

Hybrid retrieval, which fuses a sparse lexical retriever with a dense neural one, is widely recommended in the software documentation surveyed in September 2026, usually…Hybrid retrieval, which fuses a sparse lexical retriever with a dense neural one, is widely recommended in the software documentation surveyed in September 2026, usually with reciprocal rank fusion (RRF), on the strength of…

Preprint: empirical study
arXiv

Getting a GRIP on Graph-Based Search for Learned Sparse Retrieval

Vihan Lakshman, Franco Maria Nardini, Cosimo Rulli et al.

Learned sparse retrieval (LSR) has recently gained traction in the information retrieval community for the ability to combine the generalization capabilities of neural…Learned sparse retrieval (LSR) has recently gained traction in the information retrieval community for the ability to combine the generalization capabilities of neural representations with the interpretability of keyword-based…

Preprint: system
arXiv

Uncensored Is Not Unbiased: Abliteration Removes Refusals but Not Script-Dependent Bias About Taiwan

Ju-Chun Ko

"Abliterated" ("uncensored") builds of open-weight language models remove the activation direction that mediates refusal, and are popular partly on the assumption that a…"Abliterated" ("uncensored") builds of open-weight language models remove the activation direction that mediates refusal, and are popular partly on the assumption that a model that no longer refuses is free of political…

Preprint: empirical study

Wed, Oct 211 paper

arXiv

AutoSim: A Self-Improving User Simulator for Conversational Search Evaluation

Saber Zerhoudi, Jelena Mitrovic, Michael Granitzer

User simulators promise to evaluate conversational search systems at a scale human studies cannot reach, but only if their behavior is realistic enough to trust.User simulators promise to evaluate conversational search systems at a scale human studies cannot reach, but only if their behavior is realistic enough to trust.

Preprint: new model

Mon, Oct 191 paper

arXiv

"You" Is Not Toxic: How LLM Labelers Rewrite the Web's Conversation Laws

Liang Yue, Eric A. Vance

What the Web community believes about toxic conversations, such as that toxicity rises in longer and deeper threads, was measured mostly with Google's Perspective API…What the Web community believes about toxic conversations, such as that toxicity rises in longer and deeper threads, was measured mostly with Google's Perspective API, which is shutting down; large language models (LLMs) will make…

Preprint: method

Fri, Oct 92 papers

arXiv

The learner who does not learn: when optimizing a pedagogical metric degrades LLM tutoring

Daniel Domínguez Figaredo, Rafael Fernández De la Cruz

It is assumed that a natural way to improve the pedagogical quality of large language model tutors is to define a metric of instructional performance and fine-tune the…It is assumed that a natural way to improve the pedagogical quality of large language model tutors is to define a metric of instructional performance and fine-tune the model against it.

Preprint: empirical study
arXiv

Why LLM Agents Favor Their Group: Stakes, Observed Norms, and Reputation

Yujiao Chen

Language-model agents favor their own group because they have watched their members favor each other. The group label alone does little once the decision has a cost; what…Language-model agents favor their own group because they have watched their members favor each other. The group label alone does little once the decision has a cost; what drives favoritism is observed behavior, and an individual's…

Preprint: empirical study

Thu, Oct 81 paper

arXiv

Inverting Multi-Vector Visual Document Indices

Zhuchenyang Liu, Yao Zhang, Yu Xiao

Prevailing multi-vector visual document retrievers store each page as about a thousand patch vectors, often in vector databases run by a third party.Prevailing multi-vector visual document retrievers store each page as about a thousand patch vectors, often in vector databases run by a third party.

Preprint: empirical study

Wed, Oct 71 paper

arXiv

Personalized Recommendations Without Inducing Congestion: Mitigating Disparities in the NYC High School Match

Erica Chiang, Kenny Peng, Rebecca Lichtenstein et al.

Algorithmic recommendations can help participants navigate large matching markets. For example, recommendations for school and college choices may reduce information…Algorithmic recommendations can help participants navigate large matching markets. For example, recommendations for school and college choices may reduce information frictions and disparities in access to high-performing programs.

Preprint: method

Mon, Oct 51 paper

arXiv

Learning Query Encoders Can Be Hard Even When Vector Retrieval Is Geometrically Easy

Wikum A, Mishra N, Saberi A et al.

Efficient vector retrieval requires both a corpus geometry that supports retrieving the right documents through vector similarity, and a query encoder that can embed…Efficient vector retrieval requires both a corpus geometry that supports retrieving the right documents through vector similarity, and a query encoder that can embed queries near their desired documents in the embedding space.

Preprint: theory

Fri, Oct 21 paper

arXiv

Correctness, Convergence, and AI-Generated Code Detection: A Longitudinal Study of Student and Large Language Model Code in Introductory Programming

Ye R, Fan J, Bernuy AZ et al.

Large language models can generate plausible solutions to programming assignments, making it tempting to detect their use by matching student code against a reference…Large language models can generate plausible solutions to programming assignments, making it tempting to detect their use by matching student code against a reference bank of generated solutions.

Preprint: empirical study